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In mechanical keyboards, each key is linked to its own distinct switch, with a standard full keyboard comprising a total of 105 switches. These switches constitute the fundamental mechanical aspect of a mechanical keyboard. An extensive array of switch types is available for integration into mechanical keyboards.
Upon pressing a key, the keycap initiates movement, exerting pressure on the switch stem. Within the switch, the stem activates a pair of contacts, thereby completing a circuit upon connection. This closure of the circuit triggers the activation of a signal corresponding to the pressed key on the printed circuit board (PCB). Subsequently, this signal is typically transmitted to the computer via a USB cable or wirelessly. The computer interprets the signal as a keystroke, prompting the execution of the corresponding action within the software, whether it involves displaying a character on the screen or executing a command within a program.
What varietis of switches are available?
There exists a diverse array of switches, with the most prevalent options being mechanical and optical switches. Mechanical switches operate as elucidated in the preceding paragraph.
On the other hand, optical switches utilize an infrared beam to discern when a key is pressed. While many optical switches share similarities in design with mechanical ones, they necessitate specialized PCB's tailored for optical switches. Consequently, it's not feasible to install an optical switch in a keyboard equipped with a PCB designed for traditional mechanical switches.
Whether optical or mechanical, switches are typically categorized into three main groups, providing insights into their distinctive characteristics.
Linear switches offer a smooth, uninterrupted movement upon depression, devoid of any tactile feedback or audible click upon activation.
Tactile switches, on the other hand, provide a discernible tactile response upon activation. Users may experience a subtle "bump" in movement, akin to the sensation felt when typing on a membrane keyboard.
Clicky switches combine tactile feedback with an audible clicking sound upon activation.
The auditory experience accompanying keystrokes on mechanical switches varies significantly across different keyboards. Factors such as materials used, case construction, and the presence of damping materials within the keyboard exert a considerable influence on the resulting sound. Generally, however, linear switches tend to produce the most quiet sound. Tactile switches also maintain relatively subdued noise levels, although the sound may manifest as more of a "pop" compared to linear switches. In contrast, clicky switches, as their name suggests, emit an audible click upon activation.
However, it's important to note that the sound profile of a keyboard isn't solely determined by the switch type. Further customization, including adjustments to the sound profile and various other modifications, can also impact the sound output of mechanical keyboards. For more detailed information on customizing sound profiles and other modifications, take a look here.
The preference for particular switch types is entirely subjective. Some individuals gravitate towards clicky switches, often due to nostalgic associations with keyboards and typewriters from past decades. Additionally, certain gamers favor clicky switches for their enhanced tactile and audible feedback. Conversely, individuals working in open-plan offices typically opt for linear or tactile switches to minimize noise disruption. Moreover, there are varieties of linear switches equipped with built-in damping mechanisms, resulting in nearly silent operation. Examples include Cherry MX Silent Red switches, which offer a linear and silent typing experience.
Take a look at this video, where 12 different switches are tested. What's gonna be your favourite?
Whats sets red, blue and brown switches apart?
While there isn't an officially standardized color scheme across the industry, it's common for various manufacturers to adopt colors similar to those of the original Cherry switches. Consequently, whether it's a Cherry blue switch or a Gateron blue switch, you can generally expect a similar type of switch, although there may be occasional variations.
The primary distinctions between these colors revolve around whether they offer tactile feedback, emit audible clicks, or provide a linear response. Additionally, differences exist in the amount of pressure required to activate the switch (known as operating force). Furthermore, variations may occur in the total distance the switch travels before coming to a stop (travel distance), as well as how far the switch can be pressed without any input registering (pre-travel).
For a comprehensive overview of the specifications for various Cherry MX switches, refer to this resource.
How are switches installed and swapped?
The method of installing or swapping switches is intricately linked to the design of the printed circuit board (PCB). Generally, there are two main approaches to mounting switches on the PCB: soldering or hot-swap.
In the case of a "hot-swappable" PCB, the attachment points are engineered to allow switches to be easily clicked into place and removed using a small tool called a switch puller. This flexibility enables users to swap switches as frequently as desired. However, with each installation or removal, there's a risk of bending or breaking one of the switch pins, particularly if the process is rushed or done haphazardly. Consequently, it's advisable to buy a few spare switches to mitigate this risk.
Alternatively, if the PCB does not support hot-swapping, switches must be soldered onto the PCB using a soldering iron and tin. While this method is more time-consuming for both assembly and disassembly, some individuals prefer it, especially since non-hot-swappable PCBs often offer more flexibility in layout (switch placement).
Switches typically come in two attachment configurations: 5-pins and 3-pins. Both variants feature two pins for electrical contact, along with a larger plastic center pin that ensures the switch is centered in the mounting hole of the PCB. Additionally, 5-pin switches boast two extra small pins on each side of the center pin. These additional pins are designed to facilitate and secure mounting on the PCB, particularly if a mounting plate is not utilized in the keyboard setup. While 5-pin switches also can be used with a mounting plate, they are not strictly necessary.
What's the point of lubricating switches?
Lubricating, or "lubing," switches in mechanical keyboards serves as a method to enhance both the tactile feel and the acoustic output. By reducing friction between the various components, lubrication results in a smoother and more uniform response. Conversely, switches that lack lubrication can feel rough and produce dry, scratchy sounds. Moreover, non-lubricated switches may emit a pinging noise upon key release, caused by the spring rebounding and generating resonant vibrations. This pinging sound can be particularly bothersome for some users, but proper lubrication can significantly mitigate it.
Various types of lubricants can be employed for this purpose, including synthetic oil, silicone grease, and dielectric grease. Krytox 205g0 (grade 0) is a lubricant favored by many enthusiasts for its effectiveness. It's crucial to apply the appropriate type and amount of lubricant to achieve the desired effect; a common mistake among beginners is over-lubricating the switches.
Additionally, many manufacturers offer switches that are pre-lubricated either manually or by machine at the factory. This option provides a convenient compromise for users who desire lubricated switches but prefer not to invest the time and effort into lubricating them personally. While factory-lubricated switches may not achieve the same level of refinement as meticulously hand-lubricated ones, they typically offer a smoother feel and reduced scratchiness. Gateron's Pro series is a popular example of factory-lubricated switches.
We highly recommend Aflion Shadow switches, more specifically "Windy" and "Foggy". These switches are meticulously hand-lubricated, resulting in a remarkably smooth feel and a pleasingly deep sound profile. You can find them available for purchase in our online store.
Which switches should you choose?
This is a question that perplexes many newcomers to the keyboard realm. With an overwhelming array of switches available and little to no experience, making a decision can be daunting. While you can find abundant information online, including comparisons, videos showcasing sound differences, and activation time diagrams, the sheer variety can still make it challenging to settle on one.
Ideally, you should try out as many different switches as possible before making a decision. Whether it's testing them out at a friend's house, in the office, or even in a store, getting hands-on experience is invaluable. Additionally, there are test kits available that contain multiple switch types in one package, making it easier to sample a variety of options. While some of these kits may come with a modest price tag, they offer a cost-effective way to explore different switches. Keep in mind that your initial preference may not necessarily be your long-term favorite, but everyone has to start somewhere, right?